Computer Software Definition
Software is a generic term for organized collections of
computer data and instructions, often broken into two major categories: system
software that provides the basic non-task-specific functions of the computer,
and application software which is used by users to accomplish specific tasks.
System software is responsible for controlling, integrating,
and managing the individual hardware components of a computer system so that
other software and the users of the system see it as a functional unit without
having to be concerned with the low-level details such as transferring data
from memory to disk, or rendering text onto a display. Generally, system
software consists of an operating system and some fundamental utilities such as
disk formatters, file managers, display managers, text editors, user
authentication (login) and management tools, and networking and device control
software.
Application software, on the other hand, is used to
accomplish specific tasks other than just running the computer system. Application
software may consist of a single program, such as an image viewer; a small
collection of programs (often called a software package) that work closely
together to accomplish a task, such as a spreadsheet or text processing system;
a larger collection (often called a software suite) of related but independent
programs and packages that have a common user interface or shared data format,
such as Microsoft Office, which consists of closely integrated word processor,
spreadsheet, database, etc.; or a software system, such as a database
management system, which is a collection of fundamental programs that may
provide some service to a variety of other independent applications.
Software is created with programming languages and related
utilities, which may come in several of the above forms: single programs like
script interpreters, packages containing a compiler, linker, and other tools;
and large suites (often called Integrated Development Environments) that
include editors, debuggers, and other tools for multiple languages.
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